朱元璋的元明易代观及其天命论

Zhu Yuanzhang's Theory in the Replacement of Yuan Dynasty by Ming and His Belief in Manifest Destiny

明朝建立之后,为了宣扬自己受命的正义性和合法性,朱元璋有意篡改了元明易代的历史,提出了元亡于盗贼,自己取天下于群雄的观点。他指责红巾军为盗贼,与红巾军划清界限,避免背负以下犯上、以臣逆君的道义包袱,突出自己受命之正。在此基础上,朱元璋进一步提出"天不与首乱者"的天命思想和"天道报施"的历史观,试图从理论上解决自己受命之正的问题,推动了儒家天命论的发展。

In order to justify his ascension to the throne after the establishment of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang in- tentionally altered the history of Yuan Dynasty＇ s being replaced by Ming, claiming that Yuan Dynasty was vanquished by robbers and it was he who took over the state from the hands of the robbers. He condemned the Red Scarf Army as robbers and draw a line between himself and the Red Scarf Army in order to avoid being accused of offending the senior or usurping the throne and to justify his kingship. Based on this, Zhu Yuanzhang moved a step further to show his belief in manifest destiny, holding that ＂God would not favor the leader of the revolt＂ and that history would manifest ＂God＇s will to punish the evil and reward the good.＂ He intended to justify theoretically his ascension to the throne, and this pro- moted Confucian belief in manifest destiny.