多组分反应在吡咯衍生物合成中的应用进展

Application Progress of Multicomponent Reactions(MCRs)in the Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives

多组分反应(Multicomponent Coupling Reactions,MCRs)是将三种或三种以上的相对简单的原料加入"一锅煮"反应中,不经过中间体分离而直接得到结构复杂的分子的方法。具有操作简单、原料易得、环境友好等优点。多组分反应发展至今,已经在包括药物合成的多个领域中起到了重要作用。吡咯衍生物作为一类在自然界中广泛分布、有着重要生物医药价值和材料科学价值的重要化合物,其合成方法一直是有机合成研究中的热点之一。近年来用于合成吡咯衍生物的多组分反应也不断地被报道。多组分反应能够很好地解决传统吡咯合成路线中取代基引入的问题并能提高反应收率,为吡咯衍生物的合成与研究带来便利。本文从合成方法上概述了近年来多组分反应在吡咯合成中的应用,为合成已有吡咯衍生物和探寻全新结构的吡咯衍生物提供合成方法上的新思路。

Multicomponent Coupling Reactions, MCRs, is a method of obtaining complex target molecules in which three or more simple materials are reacted in an one pot, and the purification and isolation of the intermediates are not processed. MCRs have the advantages of the aspects of simple operation, easily available materials, environmental friendliness, etc. So far MCRs have contributed a lot to a number of research areas including drug synthesis. Pyrrole derivatives are widely distributed in natural products and many of them are valuable in biomedical and materials science. The research of pyrrole synthesis has always been a hotspot in organic synthesis. Recently, the MCRs used in pyrrole synthesis have constantly been reported. Compared with traditional synthesis routes for pyrroles, MCRs can easily introduce various substituents and improve reaction yields, which would bring convenience for the synthesis and study of pyrrole derivatives. This article reviews the application of MCRs on the pyrrole synthesis routes in recent years and offers new synthesis methods for researchers on synthesizing existing pyrrole derivatives and exploring new pyrrole derivatives.