隐喻研究的心物随附性维度

Metaphor from the Perspective of Mental-physical Supervenience

隐喻显著的外部特征是本体与喻体既相似又相异。相似性表现在本体喻体所表征的事件的现象特征和质地内容在某方面相似甚至相同;相异性则是本体喻体的词语所表示的概念或其指称的事物大不相同,而隐喻却能以喻体指代本体,这表现了隐喻运用是以喻体之"假"乱本体之"真"。隐喻运用主要涉及两个变量:事物和主体的心理状态。用心物随附理念研究隐喻,就是要说明隐喻的运用与心物随附性的关系:一方面"心"依赖于"物",另一方面"心"又表现出自由意志,以至最终达至以假乱真。隐喻本体与喻体的"相似性和相异性"这个论题,其实质是相异的本体喻体如何在相似的条件下实现辩证的同一。

Metaphors are approached in this study from the point of view of mental-physical supervenience. Metaphors demonstrate a salient feature of both similarity and difference between the tenor（ T） and the vehicle（ V）,with the similarity being that the phenomenal characters and qualitative contents of the events represented by T and V share some sameness in certain aspects,and the difference,being their words and the concepts are by no means the same.This shows that the application of metaphors is to use a false appearance provided by V to substitute the actual state of T. There are two variations in a metaphor,the physical and the mental. To approach metaphors from the point of view of mental-physical supervenience is to explain how metaphors work according to the mental-physical supervenience：the mental relies on the physical on the one hand,and it has its own free will on the other. The study centers around the similarity and the difference between T and the V,which is in nature the realization of dialectic unity of the different T and V under the condition of their similarity.