越南阮朝初期建都的选址之争

On the Conflict of Choosing Site of Capital in the Early Nguyen Dynasty in Vietnam

阮朝初期定都富春,既是为了平息群臣围绕都城的选址问题而出现的争议,也是出于平衡黎郑故臣和广南旧臣力量的考虑。后世从政治地理因素这个角度对阮朝定都于富春给予了称赞,并极力夸大富春所谓的"形势之利"。实际上,富春的"形势之弊"也是十分明显的。如果将定都富春置于整个越南古代都城的区位史来考察,我们会发现:阮朝定都富春,实际是越南古代都城逐渐南移这一趋势的体现。如果将其放到清阮关系的层面来考察,又会发现:阮朝最终选择富春为都,最根本的考虑还是追求一种与中国平等的地位,也是中越关系渐行渐远的一种折射。

There was in conflict between Gia Long and his mandarins in choosing site to construct the capital fiercely. At last,Gia Long chose Phu Xuan as Nguyen dynasty's capital as a result of court discussion and power balance. The later generation praised superior geographical environment of Phu Xuan as Nguyen dynasty's capital. In fact,there were three shortcomings of Phu Xuan city. In the eyes of history of Vietnam,we can find that the capitals in ancient Vietnam moved southward slowly. And we see that Gia Long's aim which gave up Thanh Long and constructed Phu Xuan as the capital was far from Qing dynasty and sought an equal status with China.