农村计生家庭养老保障的现实境遇

The Real Situation of Rural Planning Families Old-age Security

农村计划生育政策的实施有效地控制了我国人口规模和速度的过快增长,但也导致了家庭子女数量的减少,给农村计生家庭养老保障带来严峻的挑战。在回顾学界相关研究成果的基础之上,分别以横向对比和纵向对比的视角详细分析了当今农村计生家庭养老保障所面临的挑战——养老保障需求旺盛、养老保障资源供给不足、空巢和失独风险较大、子女养老负担较重及其孝道观念弱化;面临的机遇——养老功能实现条件发生了改变、老年人养老观念有所变化、农村"空巢"老人和失独老人的增多为养老机构在农村发展创造了条件。从整体上看,当今我国农村计生家庭养老面临的挑战是宏观的、主要的,而面临的机遇则是微观的、次要的。所以农村计生家庭的养老形势依然不容乐观,需要国家积极承担起他们老年养老保障的主要责任。

The implementation of the policy for family planning in rural areas effectively controls the scale and speed of Chinese population growth, but it also leads to the reduction of the number of children in the rural family, thus bringing serious problems of family pension. This paper reviews previous researches on the above two aspects and analyses the challenges- strong demand for old-age security;lack of supply for pension resources;the risk of empty nest and the loss of independence; the heavy burden of old care and the weakening of filial piety;the opportunities-the conditions and concept about the old-age security have changed; the increasing of ＂empty nest＂ and the only old man can create the conditions for the development of public pension institutions in rural areas. As a whole, the challenges that the rural family planning and family are facing in the present are macro and main, and the opportunities are microscopic and secondary. So the situation of rural family planning family is still not optimistic, the country should take the main responsibility of their old age security.