耐盐农业与中国农业现代化

Salt-tolerant Agriculture and Chinese Agricultural Modernization

中国的领土非常辽阔,然而淡水和耕地资源并不丰富,人均淡水与人均耕地更是远远低于世界平均水平。不仅如此,处于城市化进程之中的中国当下,大量耕地转为建设用地,资源短缺问题更加严重。中国农业的现代化受制于资源禀赋,必须另谋出路。发展耐盐农业,或为一条农业现代化的新路。中国的盐碱土地和沿海区域面积巨大,地下咸水和海水也十分丰富。充分利用这些资源,培育耐盐农业作物品种,发展耐盐相关产业,对于中国农业的现代化具有重大意义。中国在耐盐农业发展中,已经取得了若干成绩,但远远不足。耐盐农业是一种高科技农业,"外部性"问题比传统农业更为突出。发展耐盐农业,需要政府的大力支持,也需要提高农民的组织化程度。

Although Chinese territory is vast, the freshwater resources and arable land resources are not abundant.The freshwater and arable land per capita in China are far lower than the world average. Moreover, China is in the process of urbanization and plenty of arable lands are changed into construction lands. So the problem of resources shortage is more severe than ever before. Chinese agricultural modernization is constrained by natural resources endowment, so we must find another ways to achieve agricultural modernization. The development of salt tolerant agriculture may be one of the new ways. There are huge saline alkali lands and coastal areas in China. Besides, we have rich underground salty water and sea water, which is of great significance that we should make full use of these resources, breed more salt-tolerant varieties and develop the scale industrialization of the salt tolerant agriculture. China has made a number of achievements in salt tolerant agriculture.However, China still has much room to improvement in this field. Salt-tolerant agriculture is a kind of high-tech agriculture. With the externality problems are more prominent than traditional agriculture. For the above,we need the government give strong support and help farmers to improve the degree of organization in the development of salt tolerant agriculture.