天津大神堂海域人工鱼礁区游泳动物群落特征变化

Changes of nekton community characteristics in artificial reef area,Dashentang,Tianjin

为研究天津大神堂海域人工鱼礁建设初期游泳动物群落特征的变化,于2014年6月10日、7月28日、9月22日对人工鱼礁区和对照区进行三次调查。结果表明:人工鱼礁区游泳动物种类与对照区相近,但优势种种类在6月和7月少于对照区;6月份人工鱼礁区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著低于7月份和9月份(P﹤0.05),而对照区在各月份没有显著性差异(P﹥0.05);6和7月份人工鱼礁区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著低于同一月份对照区数值(P﹤0.05);人工鱼礁区渔获物CPUE、渔获数量和埃三极能值仅在7月份存在显著性差异(P﹤0.05);人工鱼礁区各月份经济渔获物CPUE和经济渔获数量与对照区的差异均未达到显著水平;人工鱼礁区经济渔获数量从6月到9月呈逐渐增加的趋势,并且6月和9月达到显著性差异水平,但对照区各月份数值相近。结果表明,人工鱼礁投放初期渔业资源种群会受到一定程度扰动,随着时间的推移人工鱼礁良好生态效益逐步显现。

To study the changes of nekton community structure after the early completion of artificial reef, nektons of the artificial reef areas and the control area in Dashentang were investigated on June 10th, July 28th and September 22nd,2014. Results showed that the nekton species in the artificial reef areas were similar to that in the control area, but the dominant species of artificial reef areas were more abundant than that of the control area in June and July. The diversity index and evenness index of artificial reef areas in June were significantly lower than that in July and September （P 〈 0.05 ） , while no significant difference of diversity index or evenness index was found in the control area in June, July or September（P 〉 0.05）. The diversity index and evenness index of artificial reef areas were significantanly lower than that in the control area in June and July（P 〈 0.05 ）. The CPUE, fish catches and exergy values of artificial fish reef area were significantly higher than that of the control area only in July （ P 〈 0.05 ）. No significant differernce of economic fish catches and CPUE was observed between artificial reef areas and the control area in each month （P 〉 0.05 ）. In artificial reef areas, the economic fish catches increased from June to September and significant differences of economic fish catches were found between June and September （P 〈 0.05 ）, while the economic fish catches of the control area were similar in June, July and September. Results show that the fish population experience a modest disturbance after the early completion of artificial reefs, but the ecological benefits of artificial reefs become gradually apparent.