开放教育资源平台教学有效性研究——基于学习者视角

Research on the Effectiveness of Instruction on OER Platform:From Learners' Perspective

本研究调研了国内外二类12个开放教育资源平台,基于"有效应用问卷"和"深度学习问卷"从技术自身的特点和促进学习者的深度有意义学习两方面评量开放教育资源平台的有效性。研究得出六点结论:一是开放教育资源契合学习者学习需求;二是各类非学历特色课程受追捧;三是开放教育资源平台还远未发挥技术的应有优势;四是课程粘性与教学设计水平有待提升;五是开放教育环境中学习者的问题解决能力亟待提高;六是人口学变量对深度学习影响显著。研究从五方面提出提升开放教育资源平台教学有效性的建议:一是强化政策导向和高校科研引领,组建国家开放教育平台课程质量检测中心;二是完善混合学习模式、课程教学设计以及学分互认机制推动其应用水平;三是继续完善个性化和智能评价支撑的技术平台;四是以促进"人机优化整合"和问题解决能力为抓手,提升学习者深度学习能力;五是建立开放学习的分层培养框架。

In the age of changing education where life long learning is an irresistible and irreversible trend, it is im- portant to cultivate an effective learning capability. In April 2001, MIT started the OCW project. In the following years, MIT has launched MITx, P2PU, TED, and Khan Academy successively. All these initiatives foretells the arri- val of an open education era. The emergence of MOOCs marks the beginning of a new phase in open education devel- opment. Complying with this general trend in education field and during the 12th Five-Year Plan （2011-2015 ） pe- riod, the Ministry of Education of China is vigorously promoting the National Elaborate Open Course Program, and introducing a series of policies to promote open access courses online. This research studies 12 domestic and foreign OER platforms. Two categories and twelve types of OER platforms are classified, including MOOCs platforms such as Chinese Xuetang Online, Topu, icourse163, MIT open CourseWare, edX, Coursera and Udacity and platforms with open videos and resources, such as TED, Sina and NetEase Open Course, MOOC Academy, and Icourses. Based on ＂effective application questionnaire＂ and ＂ deep learning questionnaire＂ , the authors analyzed and evaluated the effectiveness of the OER platform from two perspectives ： technical characteristics and effectiveness in facilitating students＇ meaninfful learning. The research has drawn six conclusions： Firstly, OER fits the needs of students; Secondly, a variety of non-de- gree courses are popular ; Thirdly ~ the OER platform is still far below its technical potential ; Fourth, course retention and course design level are to be improved; Fifth, students＇ problem solving skills in the open learning environment need to be improved ; Sixth, demographic variables cause a significant impact on deep learning process. In order to en- hance the effectiveness of OER teaching, this research has also offered five suggestions： Firstly, the policy orientation and the leading role of higher education research and development should be strengthened ; Secondly, the application level of OER teaching should be promoted using innovative blended learning model, course designs, and mutual credit recognition mechanisms; Thirdly, further improvements are needed for the technical platform supported by individuali- zation and intelligent evaluation; Fourth, OER teaching should try to improve students＇ deep learning abilities by fo- cusing on ＂human-computer optimization and integration＂ and problem solving skills ; Fifth, a multi-level talent cultivation framework for open learning should be established.