美国政府对高等职业教育的财政支持

On Governmental Fiscal Support for Community Colleges in America

过去一百年,美国各级政府为高等职业教育的发展提供了多元化的财政支持。伴随着美国州政府高等教育治理模式的变化,政府对社区学院的财政支持出现了以地方政府为主到以州政府为主的转变。各州政府的高等教育治理模式对州政府是否使用公式拨款来支持社区学院、使用何种拨款公式,以及相对拨款水平产生了重要影响。基于对美国经验的分析,我国应明确确立各省高等职业教育的治理模式,确立与各省高等职业教育治理模式相适应的财政投入机制。

In the past century, various levels of American governments change their funding patterns for community colleges in line with changes in the governance structure of public 2-year institutions, mainly from a predominantly local support to a more significant role of state government. Different states use different governance models to control their community college systems, which in turns affect their inclination of using formula funding, their choice of funding formulas, and the relative generosity of state support. This paper proposes that in order to better understand government＇ s financial support for vocational higher education, one must explore the ways in which local and state governments govern community colleges.