“痕量”无法灌溉——对“痕量灌溉”的思考

‘Trace quantity irrigation' is impossible: Thinking about 'trace quantity irrigation'

该文从为什么要灌溉、灌溉水的来源、作物的需水(耗水)规律、土壤在灌溉中的作用、灌溉系统的任务这五个问题出发,谈及对"痕量灌溉"的思考。笔者认为痕量灌水器无法满足大田作物高峰需水期的需水要求,在大田作物需水高峰期痕量灌溉系统无法将水输送到植物根区,而在大田作物非需水量高峰期又有可能供水过量。哈密痕量灌溉试验本质上是小流量地下滴灌。哈密痕量灌溉试验的初步结论可以看出:痕量灌溉灌水器流量太小不能满足枣树需求且不具备自适应能力;水分利用率的算法及试验设计不科学。理论和实践都证明:痕量灌溉的"超低流量供水"实现不了"与植物自然需水规律相匹配"。对痕量灌溉不能实现"自适应灌溉"原因进行了分析。

The paper analyzed trace quantity irrigation from five aspects including： reasons for irrigation, the source of irrigation water, crop demand for water,the role of soil during irrigation process, and functions of irrigation system. The author thinks that trace quantity irrigation is unable to meet the water requirement of crop in field at the demand peak because trace quantity irrigation system is unable to transport water to root zone of plant. During period other than peak demand, the water supplied by emitters of trace quantity irrigation system may be much more than that required by crops. In fact, trace quantity irrigation in Hami city is nothing but the subsurface drip irrigation with low flow rate, and results of the experiments showed that the flow amount of trace irrigation emitter was so small that it was unable to meet the water requirement of jujube trees, it did not have the self-adaptive ability, whose algorithms and experimental design were unreasonable. Theory and practice showed that the trace quantity irrigation with super low flow rate could not match with the water requirement of plant. This paper also explored the reasons why trace quantity irrigation could not achieve ‘self-adaptive irrigation’.