基于能量控制的校车学生座椅结构抗撞性设计

Design for Crashworthiness of Student Seat Structure in School Bus Based on Energy Management

2012年颁布的专用校车学生座椅强制性新法规首次采用带假人的动态滑车试验模拟实车碰撞,通过考察假人头和胸部等主要部位的伤害指标,检验学生座椅系统对不同身高乘员的保护效果。本文中通过分析乘员的能量耗散途径和伤害来源,从能量管理角度提出了新法规下学生座椅的刚度分布规律和相应的结构设计方法,并以两款典型校车座椅为例,根据刚度分布规律分别提出了针对原座椅的结构改进方案,并快速获得优化结果。实验结果表明,该方法与基于试验设计的多参数优化具有几乎相同的优化结果,但却大大减少了计算量。

The new compulsory regulation promulgated in 2012 for the student seats in special school bus adopts for the first time the dynamic sled tests with dummy to simulate real vehicle crash and verify the protection effects of student seats for occupants with different heights by investigating the injury criteria of key parts of human body including head and thorax. In this paper, the stiffness distribution law of student seats with new regulation and their corresponding structural design method are proposed from the angle of energy management through an analysis on the energy dissipation path and harm sources of occupant, and by taking two typical school bus seats as examples, structural modification schemes are put forward based on their stiffness distribution laws with optimization results quickly obtained. The results of experiment indicate that compared with the results of multi-parameter optimization based on the design of experiment, the approach proposed has almost identical optimization results but with significantly less computation efforts.