乐道·兴情·神韵--中华美学的审美本质论

Aesthetic Essentialism of Chinese Aesthetics

中华美学运用直觉体悟的现象学方法来获取美的本质,从而区别于西方古典美学的认识论方法。在这个基础上,中华美学建立了审美本质论。中华美学关于审美本质的观点是多层次的:首先是建立在道本体论基础上的乐道说,审美是乐道,这个道是日常生活的伦理根据,具有实用理性的性质。其次是对乐道内涵的深入发掘,即审美是兴情。这不仅揭示了审美的情感性质,从而区别于西方美学的认识说;也确定了审美的主体间性。再次,是提出了神韵说。由于道具有世间性,而审美具有超验性,故曰神韵,从而赋予审美以高于伦理之道的隐在的超越性,揭示了审美的自由本质。

Chinese aesthetics differs from Western classic aesthetics due to the former applying the phenomenological method of intuition and satori, the latter the method of epistemology. On this basis, the aesthetic essentialism is established by Chinese aesthetics. The viewpoint of the aesthetic essence by Chinese aesthetics is multi-layered. Firstly, the theory of contenting Tao is established on the basis of Tao ontology. Appreciating the beauty is contenting Tao and this Tao is the ethical reason of the daily life and has the character of practical reason. Secondly, Chinese aesthetics explores deeply the connotation of contenting Tao, i.e. appreciating the beauty is spring up the emotion. Not only does this reveal the emotional quality of appreciating the beauty so to differ from the epistemology of Western aesthetics, but also it determine the inter-subjectivity of appreciating the beauty. Lastly, the verve theory is proposed. Tao is realistic, while aesthetics is transcendental, called the verve. The verve endows aesthetics with the latent transcendence higher than ethical Tao so that the free essence of appreciating the beauty is revealed.