不同有机物料的蚯蚓堆肥及可溶性有机物的三维荧光光谱特征

Vermicomposting of different organic materials and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of their dissolved organic matter

研究了牛粪、茶渣、药渣和菌渣等有机物料的不同复配比例的蚯蚓生长状况,筛选出适合蚯蚓生长的最佳物料配比,并进一步分析了这些适合蚯蚓生长的物料配比处理的养分含量和三维荧光光谱特征的动态变化.结果表明:牛粪与药渣、牛粪与茶渣的不同配比物料中的蚯蚓生长情况均较好,而有菌渣复配的物料的蚯蚓生长情况较差;随着堆肥时间的增加,堆肥的p H逐步趋向中性和弱酸性,堆肥的电导率、全氮、全磷、速效氮和速效磷含量逐渐增加,全钾和速效钾呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,而堆肥的有机质含量逐渐减小;三维荧光光谱特征和荧光区域指数结果表明,随堆肥时间增加,可溶性有机物(DOM)中的类蛋白峰逐渐减弱,而类腐殖质峰逐渐增强.蚯蚓堆肥改变了有机废弃物的DOM组成,生成了大量类胡敏酸和类富里酸物质,性质逐渐趋于稳定.因此,有机废弃物蚯蚓堆肥中DOM物质含量变化可作为蚯蚓堆肥成熟度的评估指标.

In this experiment,different proportions of the cattle manure,tea-leaf,herb and mushroom residues,were used as food for earthworm（ Eisenia fetida） to study the growth of the earthworm. Then the characteristics and transformation of nutrient content and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence（ 3DEEM） of dissolved organic matter（ DOM） during vermistabilization were investigated by means of chemical and spectroscopic methods. The result showed that the mixture of different ratios of cattle manure with herb residue,and cattle manure with tea-leaf were conducive to the growth of earthworm,while the materials compounded with mushroom residue inhibited the growth of earthworm. With the increasing time of verimcomposting,the p H in vermicompost tended to be circumneutral and weakly acidic,and there were increases in electrical conductivity,and the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,and available phosphorus,while the total potassium and available potassium increased first and then decreased,and the organic matter content decreased. 3DEEM and fluorescence regional integration results indicated that,the fluorescence of protein-like fluorescence peaks declined significantly,while the intensity of humic-like fluorescence peak increased significantly in DOM. Vermicomposting process might change the compositions of DOM with elevated concentrations of humic acid and fulvic acid in the organics.In all,this study suggested the suitability of 3DEEM for monitoring the organics transformation and assessing the maturity in the vermicomposting.