郑州市郊区学龄前儿童营养不良现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of malnutrition status and influencing factors among the preschool children in the suburb of Zhengzhou

目的了解郑州市郊区学龄前儿童营养不良的现状，分析相关影响因素，并提出有效的防治措施。方法采用整群抽样的方法，抽取郑州市郊区16所幼儿园的3～7岁儿童3042名进行问卷调查。结果学龄前儿童营养不良检出率男童6．03％，女童4．92％，平均检出率为5．52％，检出率在性别间的分布差异无统计学意义（X2=3．052，P〉0．05）。相关分析表明父亲体格与子女营养状况呈正相关。多因素Logistic分析结果显示，危险因素有疾病史（OR=2．064）、偏食（OR=2．175），保护因素有正常出生体重（OR=0．618）、母乳喂养方式（OR=0．704）、父亲BMI正常（OR=0．674）、营养知识水平较高（OR=0．567）、食欲较好（OR=0．780）、饮奶量（OR=0．682）。结论郑州市郊区学龄前儿童的营养不良检出率低于农村。营养不良是多种因素相互作用的结果，应进行综合防治。

Objective To understand the prevalence of malnutrition among the preschool children in the suburb of Zhengzhou,analyze the realted influencing factors,and to put forward the effective control measures. Method A total of 3 042 children aged 3 ～ 7 years old were selected from 16 kindergartens in the suburb of Zhengzhou by cluster sampling method, and were investigated with questionnaire. Results The boy＇s prevalence rate of malnutrition was 6.03 %, the girl＇s was 4.92 %, the average prevalence rate was 5.52 %. There was no significant difference between boys and girls（X2 = 3. 052, P〉0.05）. The father＇s body mass index （BMI） was positively correlated with the nutritional status of children. Multivari- able Logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors included disease history（OR= 2. 064）and partial eclipse（OR： 2. 175）,protective factors included normal birth weight（OR=0. 618）,breast feeding（OR=0. 704）,father＇s normal BMI（OR =0. 674） ,parents higher nutrition knowledge（OR=0. 567） ,good appetite（OR= 0. 780） ,drink milk（OR=0： 682）. Con- clusions Malnutrition prevalence rate of preschool children in the suburb of Zhengzhou is lower than that in the rural. As the result of various factors,malnutrition should take comprehensive measures of prevention.