生物固氮的研究进展及发展趋势

Advance and Development Trend of Biological Nitrogen Fixation Research

生物固氮是"国际生物学计划"的重点研究内容,也是生命科学的重大命题。生物固氮在农业可持续发展、环境保护和建立氮素生态平衡方面具有重要的作用。本文从固氮微生物资源和生物固氮体系、生物固氮的分子机理、海洋生物固氮、固氮的基因组学和蛋白质组学等4个方面综述了生物固氮的研究进展,其中着重介绍了根瘤菌和豆科植物互作的分子机理。同时还分析了生物固氮的发展趋势,概括了生物固氮的主要研究方向,介绍了中国生物固氮研究概况,并根据中国的实际情况,提出了中国生物固氮推广和普及的策略和方法。

The research of biological nitrogen fixation（ BNF） is an important content of the＂International Biology Programme＂,and it is also the major proposition of life sciences. BNF plays an im portant role in sustainable agriculture,environm ental protection and establishm ent of ecological nitrogen balance. W e m ainly introduced the research progress on biological nitrogen fixation from the follow ing aspects： the resources of nitrogen-fixing m icroorganism s and biological nitrogen fixation system,m olecular m echanism of biological nitrogen fixation,m arine biological nitrogen fixation, nitrogen fixation in genom ics and proteom ics, especially highlighted the m olecular dialogue betw een rhizobium and legum es. M eanw hile,w e also analyzed the developm ent trend of B NF and sum m arized the directions of m ain research on B NF.In the end,w e review ed the research of C hinese biological nitrogen fixation,according to the specific situation of C hina,w e put forw ard the strategies and m ethods of spread of C hinese biological nitrogen fixation.