继受与创新:苏联宪法文化在中国的历史际遇

On Adoption and Innovation: the Historical Investigation of the People's Republic of China's Transplantation of the Constitutional Culture of the Soviet Union

苏联宪法文化自20世纪20年代开始影响中国,历经十月革命后国共"以俄为师"的发端时期、革命根据地"仿行苏宪"的奠基时期、新中国建国初期在"一边倒"背景下取法苏联宪制模式的高潮时期,以及中苏关系恶化至改革开放后对苏联宪法文化的背离与延续四个时期。苏联宪法文化对中国的影响广泛而深远,涉及宪法理论的传播和宪法制度的移植等方方面面。苏联宪法文化影响中国的过程实则是中国对苏联宪制由被动接受到主动移植,由片面认同到创造性转换的历史过程,"拿来主义"与"实用主义"并存,值得深刻反思。

The influence of the constitutional culture of the Soviet Union towards China began from 1920s. It included four periods： Kuomintang and the Communist Party learned from Russia after the October Revolution, the revolutionary base copied from the Soviet Union Constitution, at the background of lean to one side, the new China learned laws from the Soviet Union at the preliminary stage of establishing the new country and almost wholly from the Soviet Union, and afterwards, China deviated from transplanting the Soviet Union constitution when the relationship between China and the Soviet Union became worse and continued to transplant the Soviet Union constitution when the Chinese reform and open policy was carried out.