玉树地区气候变化及补饲对牦牛生长和经济效益的影响研究

The Effects of Climatic Change in Yushu Area and Supplementary Feeding on the Growth and Economic Benefit of Yaks

通过研究青海玉树地区气候变化规律,确定牦牛适宜的补饲阶段,并在此基础上通过牦牛生长性能测定和经济效益计算验证补饲效果,为放牧条件下牦牛的养殖提供理论依据和参考,从而减少牧民的经济损失。结果表明,玉树地区2013年气温、相对湿度和WCT指数呈先升高后下降的趋势;气温、相对湿度和WCT指数最高的月份为6~8月,最低的为12月和1月;2013年青海玉树地区牦牛有217d于冷应激,牦牛适宜的补饲阶段为10~12月和来年的1~4月;犊牦牛和青年牦牛在10~12月和来年的1~4月处于持续掉膘期,总增重分别为-17.51kg/头和-49.47kg/头;补饲可以使犊牦牛增重多增加37.66kg/头,增重率提高215.03%,获利多增加703.39元/头;使青年牦牛增重多增加81.39kg/头,增重率提高164.51%,获利多增加1590.21元/头。综上所述,合理的补饲可显著降低季节性冷暖交替对牦牛生长和发育的影响,提高牦牛的生长性能,增加经济效益。

The objective of this paper was to study the trends of climate change in Yushu of Qinghai so as to determine the suitable supplementary feeding stage of yak, and then verify the supplementary feeding effectiveness by the growth performance determination and economic benefits calculation, thus provide a theoretical basis and reference for the breeding of yak, and reduce the farmers＇ economic loss. The results showed that air temperature, relative humidity and WCT index of Yushu area showed a downward trend after the first rise in 2013% The highest air temperature, relative humidity and WCT index appeared from June to August, and the lowest in December and January; Yak suffered cold stress for 217 days in 2013% October to December and January to April were the suitable period to feed yakl Yak calves and young yaks were in a sustained period of losing weight from October to December and January to April of next year, their total weight gain were -17.51 kg/n and -49.47 kg/n, respectively; Supplementary feeding could increase yak calves weight for more than 37.66 kg/n, with weight gain rate increasing by 215.03%, and the profit increase more than 703.39 yuan/n; It also improves young yak weight for more than 81.39 kg/ n, the weight gain rate by 164.51%, and makes the profit increase more than 1590.21 yuan/n. In a word, reasonable supplementary feeding could significantly reduce the effects of seasonal alternate cooling and heating on the growth and development of the yak, and significantly improve the growth performance of the yak, thus increasing economic benefits.