基于共词分析的世界肿瘤学研究主题演化分析

Evolution of the thematic structure of oncology based on the co-word analysis

目的探讨2005-2014年世界肿瘤学领域内部结构和研究主题的变化，为相关研究与科研政策的制定提供参考。方法选取2005-2014年间《期刊引证报告》收录的203种“oncology”学科期刊刊载的文献类型为“article”的论文数据，依据《医学主题词表（MeSH）》对关键词进行标准化和归类处理，构建2005-2007、2008-2010和2011—2014年3个阶段高频词共现矩阵，采用共词分析方法，绘制各阶段的类团变化图和战略坐标图，分析各阶段肿瘤学内部结构和研究主题的变化。结果2005--2014年间肿瘤学主要关键词数目减少，单个词词频快速增加；肿瘤的化疗、放疗等传统的治疗方法及肿瘤的诊断和流行病学调查一直都是肿瘤领域的核心主题；对肿瘤细胞的分化、组织癌变的病理机制、肿瘤发生的遗传学因素以及肿瘤的早期筛查诊断等方面的研究是目前肿瘤研究学领域较受重视且发展较快的研究主题；“乳腺癌”一直是肿瘤学领域研究的难点与热点，在研究深入的同时也带动着其他主题的发展；肿瘤筛查和肿瘤基因、遗传学的相关研究发展速度很快。结论肿瘤学领域内主题的合并、分裂、发展、衰退、消亡一直在发生，研究主题间的界限变得越来越模糊，相互之间的交叉融合趋势明显；研究随着时间的推移呈现出朝专深方向发展的趋势；而肿瘤筛查和肿瘤基因、遗传学的相关研究可能成为未来研究的重要方向。

Objective To explore the changes of the internal structure and research topics of oncology from 2005 to 2014, and offer reference for the developmenl of the related studies and research policies. Methods The articles published in 203 journals in the area of ＂oncology＂ from 2005 to 2014 included by JCR were chosen. Firstly, we cleaned the author keywords using the TDA software. After that, we standardized and categorized the keywords according to the Medical Subject Headings （MESH） manually. In the end, we builted the co-occurrence matrixes of high-frequency words in three stages ： 2005--2007, 2008--2010 and 2011--2014, and drew the evolution maps and strategic diagrams of each stage to analyze the changes of the internal structure and research topics of oneology. Results While the word frequence increasing rapidly, the main keywords reduced gradually from 2005 to 2014. The traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the diagnostic and the epidemiologieal investigation were the core subject of oncology. With the screening of neoplasms, the research on the cell physiological phenomena and the genetic phenomena gained vigorous expansion. ＂Breast neoplasms＂, the topic whose deep exploration also led the development of other topics, has always been the hard nut as well as the hot topic of the oncology. During this period, researches on the screening of neoplasms and the genetic phenomena were developed rapidly. Conclusion The content of oncology will be more thoroughly with some merge, division, development, declining and perishing of the internal themes occurred as well. The boundaries among the sub-structure are becoming more and more blurred and the screening of neoplasms and the genetic phenomena has gradually become the dominant trend in general practices.