广州市青少年2008年与2013年饮食行为比较

Comparative analysis of dietary behaviors among adolescents in 2008 and 2013 in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市青少年饮食行为2008年与2013年的变化情况,为进一步制定相应营养干预措施提供科学依据。方法对2008年和2013年广州市总计24 689名大中学生的监测数据进行分析,分性别、地区和学习阶段比较2008年与2013年学生的饮食行为。结果经常喝汽水饮料、吃甜点、吃油炸食品和吃路边摊的不健康饮食行为频率均有所下降(2008年和2013年分别为6.8%和4.0%,18.4%和13.0%,9.7%和5.5%,1.2%和0.8%),偏食行为报告率由2008年的29.9%上升至2013年的35.3%,经常吃新鲜水果和蔬菜的频率也有所下降(2008年和2013年为43.2%和36.2%,79.4%和77.8%);该变化趋势在不同性别、地区和学习阶段学生中相似。结论青少年饮食行为干预不仅要强调改善不良饮食行为,也需要强调保持健康饮食行为。

Objective To analyze possible changes of dietary behaviors of adolescents in Guangzhou from 2008 to 2013 and to provide scientific evidence for future intervention.Methods Based on the data surveyed among 24 689 adolescents in Guangzhou in 2008 and 2013,the differences in the rate of unhealthy and healthy dietary behaviors in gender,districts and study stages were compared using Chi-square test. Results Compared with the year 2008,the rates of frequent unhealthy dietary behaviors including frequent soft drink,eating desserts,fried foods,street food decreased （2008 vs. 2013 the corresponding rates were：6.8% vs. 4.0%, 18.4% vs.13.0%,9.7% vs.5.5% and 1.2% vs.0.8%） and the rates of often eating fresh fruits and vegetables decreased in 2013 （2008 vs. 2013 the corresponding rates were：43.2% vs.36.2% and 79.4% vs.77.8%）. Picky eaters became more common in 2013 （35.3%） compared with in 2008 （29.9%）. Furthermore,the trend occurred in boys and girls, urban and rural areas and all stages of studies. Conclusion Government, schools and families should help the adolescents to remain and strengthen healthy eating behavior and prevent unhealthy eating behaviors.