三亚市2009与2013年中小学生常见病监测结果分析

Monitoring situation of the common diseases among primary and middle school students of 2009 and 2013 in Sanya

目的了解三亚市2009与2013年监测点学校学生常见病检出状况及其变化规律,为学校常见病防治工作提供参考。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,于2009年和2013年的9—12月对三亚市10所监测点学校共计39 124名学生进行健康体检,采用SPSS 17.0对健康体检资料进行统计分析。结果 2013年三亚市中小学生视力不良、沙眼、肥胖检出率分别为40.71%,3.56%和9.46%,均高于2009年的28.25%,0.61%和4.96%,呈上升趋势(χ2值分别为793.09,374.99,280.42,P值均<0.01)。2013年龋齿、营养不良、超重检出率分别为46.71%,11.90%和4.09%,均低于2009年的49.63%,40.11%和5.49%,呈下降趋势(χ2值分别为32.61,4 176.11,44.24,P值均<0.01)。三亚市中小学生常见病以视力不良、龋齿及营养不良为主。视力不良检出率为城市高于乡镇,中学高于小学,女生高于男生(P值均<0.05);沙眼检出率为小学高于中学,乡镇高于城市(P值均<0.05);龋齿检出率显示小学高于中学,城市高于乡镇,女生高于男生(P值均<0.05);营养不良检出率为中学高于小学,乡镇高于城市(P值均<0.05);超重及肥胖检出率为城市高于乡镇,且肥胖率小学高于中学,男生高于女生(P值均<0.05),超重在不同学段、性别之间差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论三亚市中小学生的视力不良、龋齿及营养不良现状不容忽视,视力不良防治的重点在城市女中学生,龋齿防治的重点在城市女小学生,营养不良防治的重点在乡镇中学生。

Objective To analyze the result and changing rule of the common diseases among primary and middle school students in Sanya in 2009 and 2013 and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of school common diseases. Methods Cluster random sampling method and physical examination was conducted among 39 124 students of 10 schools as monitoring sites from September to December in 2009 and 2013. School students physical examination data was analyzed by EXCEL and SPSS 17.0. Results The rate of Trachoma, obesity and poor vision was 40.71%,3.56%, 9.46%, respectively, and was higher than 2009 which was 28.25%, 0.61%, 4.96% respectively. The rate was on the rise in 2013 （X：= 793.09, 374.99, 280.42,P〈0.01） ,while the rate of dental caries, malnutrition, and overweight was in decline （x^2 = 32.61,4176.11,44.24, P〈0.01 ） , the rate was 46.71%, 11.90% and 4.09%, respectively, in 2009 the rate was 49.63%, 40.11% and 5.49%, and the major diseases were poor vision, dental caries and malnutrition. Low vision was found more in middle school students, girls and city students（ P〈0.05） ;The rate of Trachoma was higher in primary school students than in middle school students and rural students higher than urban students （ P〈 0.05 ） ;The rate of malnutrition was higher in middle school students than in primary school students , and rural students higher than urban students （ P〈0.05 ） ; Both overweight and obesity was found more in urban students, and boy and primary school students were more likely to be overweight. However, overweight showed no statistical differences between boy and girl pupils（P〉0.05）. Conclusion The status of vision, dental caries and malnutrition should not be ignored in Sanya, the prevention and control of poor vision mainly lies in the middle school students of the city, and dental caries mainly lies in primary school female students of the city, malnutrition mainly lies in rural middle school students.