液压凿岩机双缓冲系统的特性分析与动态仿真

Characteristic Analysis and Dynamic Simulation of Double Damper System for Hydraulic Rock Drill

对液压凿岩机双缓冲系统的结构和原理进行了分析。根据实际工作情况,分3个过程进行了研究,首先是系统工作前的平衡状态,由受力平衡方程求得缓冲活塞的位置和缓冲腔压力;进而分析了缓冲活塞制动减速过程,并建立数学模型;最后是缓冲活塞的加速复位过程。借助MATLAB软件,调用ode45函数对各阶段的数学模型进行求解,得到缓冲活塞的位移-时间曲线、速度-时间曲线和一级缓冲腔、二级缓冲腔的压力-时间曲线,从而实现系统整个周期的动态仿真。结果表明:该系统的响应极其迅速,能够很好吸收钎尾的反弹能量,并且保证在下一次冲击活塞撞击钎尾前将钎具压紧于岩底。

The structure and working principle of the double damper system for hydraulic rock drill were analyzed,its process was divided in three stages. Firstly,the system was in equilibrium. The position of the damping piston and the pressure of the chamber could be got through the force equilibrium equation; Then the mathematical model of the damping piston's deceleration process was built. Last is the return process of the damping piston. Afterwards,the mathematical model of each stage was calculated by the ode45 in the MATLAB. The damping piston's displacement-time curve and speed-time curve,the pressure curve of the first class and the second class chamber were achieved. The curves reflected the state of the double damper system in a complete cycle. The results show that the double damper system is responsive,and it can absorb the rebounding energy efficiently and assure the bit against the rock tightly when the piston impacts the shank next time.