某长距离管道输水工程停泵水锤安全防护研究

Study on the Protective Measures for Pump-Stopping Water Hammer of Long Distance Pipeline Engineering

长距离多泵联合运行输水管线具有流量大、扬程高等特点,当突然发生事故停泵时管线会产生水锤,对系统具有很大的破坏性。为了保证输水工程的安全运行,有必要对事故停泵后的水锤特性和相应的水锤防护措施进行分析。以某输水工程为例,运用阀门边界、空气阀边界、管道等数学模型,并结合水锤理论和特征线法,分别对采用空气阀、普通止回阀、缓闭式蝶阀及其组合等防护措施的长距离运行输水管线的停泵水锤进行计算和分析,得到了管道沿程的最大水头、最小水头线以及水泵转速和流量相对值的变化规律。通过对比发现,采用空气阀、两阶段缓闭蝶阀等水锤防护措施组合运行,可降低管路极端压力,保障输水管线和水泵的安全运行。

Long-distance water pipelines that operating jointly with multi-pump has the characteristics such as large flow and high lift,the sudden-stop will cause water hammer effects in the pipelines,which have huge damages to the system. In order to ensure the safe operation of water conveyance project,it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of water hammer and the corresponding protective measures of water hammer. Taking a water conveyance project as an example,combined with water hammer theory and characteristic line method,the mathematical model of the valve boundary,air valve boundary and pipeline were used to calculate and analyze the pump stopping water hammer of long-distance water pipelines respectively which used protective measures such as air valves,general check valves,slow butterfly valves or their combination. At last,the maximum head,the minimum head as well as the change rule of pump speed and flow relative value was obtained. By comparison,the study found that the operation using water hammer protection measures combined with air valve and the two phase of the butterfly valve could reduce the pipeline extreme pressure and ensure the safe operation of the pipeline and the water pump.