南京国民政府战前铁路战备述论(1931-1937)

Nanjing National Government's Pre-war Railway Combat Readiness(1931-1937)

从1931年到全面抗战爆发之前,南京国民政府为了应对日本的侵略以及国防的需要实施了铁路战备措施。"九·一八"事变后,南京国民政府内部就开始蕴育铁路战备意识,并以国防设计委员会为依托制定了铁路战备决策。1935年国民党"五大"的召开实现了其策略由对内"剿共"到对外抗日的转变。此后,南京国民政府以铁道部为铁路战备的领导核心,积极主动实行了一系列举措,如线路规划、铁路建设筹款、修筑战备铁路以及铁路员工的军事训练等,来推动铁路战备措施的落实,并取得了较大的成绩。南京国民政府所做的战前铁路战备努力,着眼于战备铁路的规划和建设,运输能力的增强和提升,更具战略意义,为全面抗战初期国民政府的军事抵抗奠定了重要基础,但同时也有一些局限性。

From 1931 to 1937,before the outbreak of the full-scale Anti-Japanese War,Nanjing national government took measures for rail combat readiness against the Japanese invasion and for the need of national defense.After the Mukden Incident in 1931,Nanjing national government began to take into account the rail combat readiness and made decisions of railway combat readiness supported by national defense planning committee.Kuomintang's ' Fifth Congress' in 1935 made the change in their strategy from suppressing communists at home to fighting against Japanese aggressors.Thereafter,the Nanjing national government took Ministry of Railways as the core leadership for railway combat readiness and implemented a series of positive measures,such as planning lines,raising funds for railway construction,building railways and providing military training for railway staff,etc.,In this way,they achieved great results by putting into effect the measures for railway preparedness.With a view to planning and constructing railways in combat readiness and promoting railway transportation capacity,all the efforts that Nanjing national government had made in railway combat readiness before the war was of great strategic significance,which laid an important foundation for military resistance on the part of the National Government at the initial stage of the full-scale Anti-Japanese War and at the same time also reflected their limitations.