职业性铅接触工人血铅及血液指标的变化

Changes of blood lead and blood cell parameters of lead-exposed workers

目的:研究职业性铅接触对作业工人血铅(PbB)、锌原卟啉(ZPP)和血液指标的影响。方法:以某蓄电池厂149名铅作业工人作为接触组,将其分为高血铅组和低血铅组。另一企业108名非铅作业人员及行政人员作为对照组,选取红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白含量(HGB)与血小板计数(PLT)作为血液系统毒性的效应指标,分析不同的PbB水平、ZPP及血液系统效应指标的变化。结果:接触组的PbB水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01);高血铅组和低血铅组的ZPP浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.05);高血铅组和低血铅组的HGB含量分别都低于对照组(P<0.05);三组间RBC和PLT计数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PbB和ZPP呈正相关(P<0.01),PbB和HGB含量呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:职业性铅接触可导致血细胞某些相关参数发生改变,PbB和ZPP以及HGB含量的相关性较好。

Objective To estimate the effects of lead exposure on blood lead （PbB）,zinc protoporphyrin （ZPP） and hemocyte parameters. Methods Totally 149 workers exposed to lead were selected from a battery manufacturing plant and divided into a high and a low exposure groups by blood lead level at 400 μg/L. Another 108 non--lead exposure workers and administrative staff were chosen as a control group. The red blood cell count（RBC）,hemoglobin（HGB） and platelet（PLT） were taken as effect indexes to analyze the different levels of blood lead,changes of zinc protopor- phyrin（ZPP） and hematological effect index. Results The positive rate of PbB was higher than that in control group（P 〈0.01） ;The levels of ZPP in low lead group and high lead group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P〈0.05） ;The hemoglobin content was significantly lower in high lead group and the low lead group than that in control group （P〈0.05）;but the levels of RBC and PLT had no significant differences among three groups（P〉 0.05）. The ZPP was positively associated with the concentration of PbB（P〈0.01）. The concentration of HGB was negatively associated with the concentration of PbB. Conclusions Occupational lead exposure can change some related parameters of blood cells. The levels of PbB have more correlation with indexes of ZPP and HGB.