医学生对遗体器官(组织)捐献认知和捐献意愿影响因素研究

Cognition and willingness to organ(tissue) donation among medical students

目的:了解医学生遗体器官(组织)捐献认知现状、捐献意愿及其影响因素,为提升医学生遗体器官(组织)捐献意愿提供依据。方法:自行编制调查问卷,采用分层整群抽样方法对济宁医学院的1 323名在校医学类本科生实施问卷调查,问卷有效回收率为100%。结果:仅有24.49%的医学生了解遗体器官(组织)捐献的概念,仅有4.61%的医学生了解遗体器官(组织)捐献的具体流程,有67.42%的医学生能够接受遗体器官(组织)捐献这一理念,3.63%的医学生了解遗体器官(组织)捐献的法律法规,92.29%的医学生认为遗体器官(组织)捐献有意义,高年级医学生对遗体器官(组织)捐献的概念的认知率和对遗体器官(组织)捐献理念的认可度均高于低年级;仅有23.73%的医学生愿意捐献遗体器官(组织);宣传不到位、对此不了解,遗体器官(组织)捐献点太少、捐献过程太麻烦,传统观念的阻碍是影响医学生遗体器官(组织)捐献意愿的主要因素。结论:医学生对遗体器官(组织)捐献认知水平、认知深度及捐献意愿水平较低,需要学校和社会相互协作,不断提升医学生的道德认同感,激发其参与和奉献意识,充分发挥医学院校优势,扩大遗体器官(组织)捐献的社会影响力。

Objective To explore medical students＂ cognition, willingness and determinants in organ （tissue） dona- tion,and to provide relevant evidence for improving the donation willingness. Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to survey 1 323 students of Jining Medical University with the questionnaire designed by researchers. The correspondent rate was 100%. Results The results showed that 24.49% medical students understood the concep- tion of organ （tissue） donation;4.61% knew the detailed process of donations67.42 % accepted the donation philoso- phy,3.63% were aware of laws and regulations about donation; 92. 29% considered the donation meaningful. Senior students had higher cognitive rate and approbation degree compared with junior students. Only 23. 73% of medical students had the willingness to organ （tissue） donation. The influence factors for impeding organ （tissue） donation were inadequate publicity,lack of comprehension, few organ （tissue） donation agencies, complex donation process and conventional concept. Conclusions The medical students have a low level of cognition and willingness about organ （tis- sue） donation. The medical colleges should improve medical students＇ moral identity and raise their consciousness of participation and dedication for expanding the social influence of organ （tissue） donation.