土地利用研究的国际比较

International comparison of land use research

土地利用研究是国际地图生物圈计划和国际全球环境变化人文因素计划研究中的重要内容;分析不同国家土地利用研究动态,对于识别土地利用研究的国际差异具有积极意义。本文基于科学引丈索引数据库和社会科学引文索引数据库,通过文献分析的方法,对比了全球和世界主要国家土地利用研究的差异。研究结果表明,在过去近10年的时间里,世界土地利用取得了快速发展;美国、加拿大、日本、英国、挪威、澳大利亚、德国、瑞士、法国和比利时等国家的科学家在开展本国土地利用研究的同时,也开展了许多中国土地利用的研究;但是,与此相对应,中国科学家在开展土地利用研究过程中,注重对国内土地利用的研究,但是对其他国家土地利用的研究明显相对不足。在未来土地利用的研究中,中国科学家不仅需要进一步加强国内土地利用问题的研究,更需要拓展国际化视野,加强全球和其他国家土地利用的研究,重点开展全球土地利用数据库的建设、全球土地利用变化与粮食安全、全球土地利用变化与碳排放、国际河流流域土地利用变化与生态安全、重点区域或国家的土地利用对比研究等方面的工作,以期在推进我国土地利用研究水平提升的同时,更好地服务于国家国际化战略的迫切需求。

The research of land use is one of the key contents in the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program and the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change. It is important to analysis the research dynamics of national land-use dynamics and identifies the international differences. Based on the Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index database, this paper compared the major differences of land use research of the world. The results show that the world has achieved rapid development on land-use research during the past 10 years. The United States, Canada, Japan, Britain, Norway, Australia, Germany, Switzerland, France, Belgium and other countries not only have carried out research on its own land use, but also carried out many studies of Chinese land use. However, during the same periods, Chinese scientists are focusing on the domestic land use, and pay little attention on the land-use studies of other countries. In the further study of land use, Chinese scientists not only need to strengthen the domestic land-use issues, but also needs to develop an international perspective, and strengthen global land use studies. The possible key study area for the global land use studies in the future includes global land use database construction, land use change and global food security, global land use change and carbon emissions, land use change and ecology security for the international river basins, regional or national comparative studies of land use, etc; which will benefit the acceleration of land-use research level and the international strategy of the country.