《春秋》“阍弒吴子余祭”条释证——续论《左传》的古本与今本

Explanations and Evidences of“阍弒吴子余祭”in Chunqiu:Further on Zuozhuan's classical and modern editions

《春秋》鲁襄公二十九年经文"阍弒吴子余祭"一条,参之以《左传》所记吴越之事,知其为一枚错简,被误编于此年。然三传均有传,故为《春秋》原本之误。此外,《春秋》原本尚有三枚记录日食的错简,故其必为依据史官记录而二次编纂的文本。因之可断《春秋》确为孔子之作。《史记·十二诸侯年表》于余祭四年亦录有余祭被杀内容,但余祭之纪年却延续至其十七年,且《吴世家》亦明确记载余祭在位十七年。故知《史记》所据吴国史料与今本《春秋》、《左传》有同有异。逐年排比《左传》与《年表》,可知《年表》记事所据确为《左传》,但与今本有异。考之《左传》之流传,知今本为刘歆、尹咸所校之本,与司马迁所据古本应有不同。知此,则刘逢禄以来《左传》真伪、成书之纷争可息矣。

＂阍弒吴子余祭＂ （＂Watchman Murdered Yuij, the Prince of Wu＂）is an item under the twenty-ninth year of the reign of Lu Zhuanggong（Duke Zhuang of Lu）in Chunqiu （The Spring and Autumn Annals） written on the bamboo slip. Ac cording to the records in Zuozhuan,however,this item was found a misplaced one under this annual. This should be an error of the original Text of Chunqiu. Similarly,Chunqiu has included other three misplaced bamboo slips of the record of solar e clipse, so it should be a type of secondary compilation on the basis of records by official historian. Therefore, Chunqiu is sure- ly Confucius＇s work. Historically, Chronology of Twelve Princedoms in Shiji （ Historical Reconds ） recorded the death of Yuji at the fourth year of the reign of Yuji. Yuji＇s annual,however,after that lasted for thirteen years,just as the record kept by The Hereditary Houses of the State of Wu in Shiji,which clearly states that Yuji had reigned Wu for about seventeen years. Accordingly,the historical data of Wu referenced by Shiji has something in common with what the modern edition of Chunqiu and Zuozhuan have based on. At the same time, there are still differences between them. What the Chronology based on is Zhuozhuan which is, nonetheless, different from the modern edition. After researching the spread of Zuozhuan, we found that the modern edition is the one checked and annotated by Liu Xin and Yin Xiang, which should be different from the classical edition referenced by Sima Qian.