论受贿罪犯罪门槛的科学设置

The Scientific Settings of Crime Threshold of Taking Bribes

无论是理论界还是实务界,均日渐倾向于否定立法明确规定贪污贿赂犯罪定罪量刑标准的做法,而此后如何设置受贿罪的犯罪门槛,理论界和立法、司法实务界存在不同认识,目前有"概括数额+情节说"、"情节说"、"数额要素否定说"三种观点。从更好地体现受贿罪的犯罪客体、发挥刑法的行为指引功能等目的考虑,对于受贿罪犯罪门槛的设置,应当废弃明示、刚性的数额、情节标准,而采取隐性的方式,由司法人员根据个案情况,综合受贿的主体、行为方式、谋取的利益性质、危害后果、数额等犯罪门槛的组成因素来考虑是否入罪;对于数额较小的受贿,在具备其他犯罪门槛的组成因素时也应定罪。严厉打击受贿犯罪的同时,司法机关也要注意依据但书条款,将一部分情节轻微的受贿行为作出罪处理,相应的司法观念也应当有所变化。

There exists the gradual trends both in practice and theory to hold negative viewpoint of the sentencing criteri- on of bribery defined clearly in the legislation. Hereafter different perceptions on how to draw up the crime threshold of tak- ing bribes is among theory, legislation and the judicial practice. There are three different options that are ＂doctrine of summa- rized amount and circumstances of the crime＂ , ＂doctrine of circumstances of the crime ＂and ＂negative doctrine of the element of amount＂. From the purposes of the better presentation of the crime object of taking bribes and exaltation the leading func- tion of criminal law, it should abandon the criteria of expressive and rigid circumstance and amount and to apply the recessive way. The judicial officers should take comprehensive consideration of the subject of taking bribes, the means of taking bribes, the quality of obtained interests, the consequences of taking bribes, the amount and so on to decide whether it should be in the conviction or not regarding with specific case. For the taking bribes with little amount,it should be conviction provided with other crime threshold. With the same time of fighting against taking bribes, the judicial authority should pay attention to the exception clause. If part of taking bribes with slight circumstance is not regarded as crime, the corresponding judicial notion shall be changed.