党争之祸与清廷对策

The Evils of the Struggle among Political Factions and the Countermeasures Taken by the Imperial Court of the Qing Dynasty

朋党之争在古典社会中总是隐含着极大的破坏性,尤其朋党斗争趋于激烈时,王朝往往会出现内部分裂的政治大危机。当清初统治者们面临着明朝遗留下来的朋党问题时,为了避免前朝党争之祸的覆辙,他们采取了一系列措施来系统地打击朋党,预防党祸发生。虽然清初统治者们找到的解法行之有效,但这些解法的保质期却并不长久,随着社会不可避免地趋于复杂,党争现象又会重现,而且清廷化解党争的对策对于社会的发展、美好风俗的培养非但没有好处,反而危害深远。

The strife between political factions always exerts destructive effects on classical society.When factional conflict becomes intense,great political crises will take place,which usually leads to the breakdown of dynasties.In order to prevent such kind of factional conflict from happening,the rulers in early Qing dynasty took measures systematically to deal with the problem of political factions remained in the Ming dynasty.The countermeasures taken by the imperial court of the Qing dynasty were effective to some extent,but they lost effectiveness after some time.When the society became inevitably more and more complicated,the phenomenon of factional conflict would emerge once again.What's more,these countermeasures were harmful rather than helpful to the development of society and the cultivation of good custom.