珠江三角洲地面塌陷的孕灾环境和致灾因子分析

The formative environment and disaster-inducing factors of ground collapse disaster analysis in the Pearl River Delta of ground collapse

地面塌陷是珠江三角洲城市地质灾害的主要类型之一。地面塌陷灾害孕灾环境复杂、致灾因子多样,承灾体脆弱,灾害后果严重。多雨的气候背景、活动断裂构造、广布的隐伏岩溶和淤泥以及剧烈的人类活动构成地面塌陷的孕灾环境;致灾因子包括自然因素和人为因素两种,自然因素致灾因子包括岩溶的发育程度、覆盖层特征、地形地貌、强降雨或重干旱气候特征等;人为因素致灾因子主要指人类活动因素,如加载和排水等。

Ground collapse is one of the major types of geological disasters in cities o f Pearl River Delta. The types of ground collapse include karst collapse and engineering collapse. The formative environment of ground collapse disaster is complex, disaster- inducing factors are various, hazard bearing body is vulnerable and its consequences are serious. Human factors arthemain cause of the ground collapse. The karst collapse is mainly due to excessively pumping groundwater, mining oheavy rains. Engineering collapse is mainly due to engineering activities, such as drainage, dewatering, artificial loading, artificial vibration, excavating, surface water seepage and subway construction.