141例小儿感染性腹泻临床特征及流行病学分析

Pathogen and Epidemiology Analysis of 141 Cases with Infectious Diarrhea

目的：探讨儿童感染性腹泻（Infectious diarrhea,ID）的临床特征及病原菌学流行病特点,为临床防治提供理论依据。方法：回顾性分析我院2010年2月至2014年2月收治并确诊的141例感染性腹泻患儿的粪便培养结果,观察并总结患者体内大肠埃希菌、痢疾杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌病毒等常见致病细菌的分布情况。结果：儿童感染性腹泻四季均可发病,夏季发病率最高,春季最低;年龄为1月~3岁的患儿感染性腹泻细菌及病毒感染比例显著高于其他两组（P〈0.05）;141例患儿中,细菌阳性23例（16.3%）,病毒培养阳性94例（66.7%）。各种病毒感染与患儿性别无关（P〉0.05）。结论：小儿感染性腹泻四季均较常见,病毒感染比例高于细菌感染比例,应根据病原菌分布情况积极采取预防与控制措施。

Objective： To analyze the pathogen isolations of infants with infectious diarrhea in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods： 141 children with infectious diarrhea who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from February 2010 to February 2014 were selected and the clinical data of them were retrospectively analyzed. The distribution of common pathogenic bacteria, such as the E. coli, shigella, klebsiella pneumoniae and others were observed and analyzed. Results： Infectious diarrhea can be detected to children with the highest proportion in summer and lowest in the spring. The diarrhea and virus infection of children at the age of one month to three years old were much higher than those of the other two groups （P〈0.05）; Among the 141 children, 23（16.3%） was positive to the stool bacteria and 94（66.7%） was positive to the virus. There was no significant correlation between the virus infection and the gender of children （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Infectious diarrhea can be detected all the year round with virus more common than bacteria. Take effective measures to prevent and treat infectious diarrhea so as to reduce the rate of infectious diarrhea.