摘要
作物生长模拟模型的应用为农田水资源分析和水分管理措施的优化提供了新的方法手段。本研究以CERES-Wheat模型为基础,通过情景分析的方法,分析了华北平原沧州地区冬小麦1981—2014年产量、大田蒸散量(ET)、作物蒸腾(EP)、土壤蒸发(ES)、水分生产率(WP)的年际变化特征,并建立了ET与WP定量化关系模型,利用该模型计算出了WP达到最大值的经济蒸散量为435 mm;利用ET多年平均值与多年平均降雨量差值计算出了T0(不灌溉)、T1(拔节期灌水75 mm)、T2(拔节期、扬花期各灌水75 mm)、T3(起身期、孕穗期和扬花期各灌水75 mm)4个水分处理不同产量目标下冬小麦多年平均的需水量分别为189 mm、264 mm、298 mm和319 mm,对应的平均产量分别为4 144 kg?hm?2、7 293 kg?hm?2、7 301 kg?hm?2和8 245 kg?hm?2;采取地膜覆盖等栽培管理措施扣除土壤蒸发,T0、T1、T2、T3水分处理可分别节水80 mm、71 mm、71 mm和70 mm。在此情况下,利用EP多年平均值与多年平均降雨量之间的差值计算出不同水分处理下冬小麦多年平均的需水量分别为109 mm(T0)、193 mm(T1)、227 mm(T2)和249 mm(T3)。以上研究结果可为沧州地区冬小麦水分定量化管理措施的制定提供参考。
Crop growth simulation model provides a new method for water resources analysis of farmland and optimization of management measures for water use efficiency improvement in crop production. The characteristics of annual variation of simulated yield, evapotranspiration (ET), plant transpiration (EP), soil evaporation (ES), and water productivity (WP) of winter wheat in Cangzhou area in the North China Plain during 1981-2014 were analyzed using a calibrated CERES-Wheat model. The calibration of CERES-Wheat model was done using a two-years' field experiment with 4 irrigation treatments conducted in Wuqiao County of Cangzhou City, Hebei Province. The irrigation treatments included T0 (no irrigation during wheat growth period), T1 (75 mm irrigation at jointing stage), T2 (75 mm irrigation at jointing stage and anthesis stage, respectively), T3 (75 mm irrigation at regrowing stage, booting stage and anthesis stage, respectively), with a preplanting irrigation of 75 mm for all treatments. The winter wheat cultivar 'Shijiazhuang 8' was taken and the cultivar coefficients of the model was obtained by a program of genotype coefficient calculator (GENCALC) combined the method of 'trial and error'. The calibrated model was proved that it adapted for predicting yield and ET of winter wheat and could be used in this district. Based on the calibrated CERES-Wheat model, the annual yield, ET, EP, ES, and WP of winter wheat were simulated using the meteorological data during 1981-2014 by the method of scene simulation. The quantitative relationship model between ET and WP was built according to the simulated data, and the calculated economic ET was 435 mm when WP got the maximum value.Subtracting the average rainfall from the average ET during 1981-2014, the average water demand mainly including irrigation water and soil water during winter wheat growth period was 189 mm (T0), 264 mm (T1), 298 mm (T2) or 319 mm (T3), and the corresponding average yield for the 4 irrigation treatments was 4 144 kg.hm-2, 7 293 kg.hm-2, 7 301 kg.hm-2 and 8 245 kg.hm-2,respectively. Deducting the ES by taking proper cultivation management measures like plastic film mulching, 80 mm (T0), 71 mm (T1), 71 mm (T2) or 70 mm (T3) of water could be saved during winter wheat growth period, and if the average rainfall was deducted from the average EP under this condition, the average water demand for the 4 irrigation treatments was 109 mm (T0), 193 mm (T1), 227 mm (T2) and 249 mm (T3), respectively. These conclusions can be used to develop quantitative water management measures for winter wheat planting in Cangzhou area in the North China Plain.
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期1320-1328,共9页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203031
201303133)资助