中国区域创新差距演变及其影响因素分析

Analysis on Evolution of Regional Innovation Disparity and Its Influential Factors in China

以东、中、西三大区域作为地理观测单元,以专利申请受理数作为创新的度量指标,运用Theil指数及其分解详细刻画中国区域创新差距的时空变动特征,并分析其影响因素。结果表明:1997—2013年间,中国区域创新相对发展率差异较大,省际创新呈现自东向西梯度分布的时空演变特征;东、中、西三大区域内部的省际创新差距持续增大,不存在"俱乐部收敛"特征;而区域间创新差距先增大后减小,由此推动区域创新总体差距以2007年为分界,呈现先增大后减小的倒"U"型变化特征;东、中、西三大区域内的省际差距对全国整体差距的贡献率在考察期内持续增加,而区域间创新差距对全国整体差距的贡献率却呈现不断减小的趋势。各地区不同的科技资源投入、区域创新环境以及知识溢出和地理集聚所引发的创新在空间层面的报酬递增是影响中国区域创新差距的主要因素。

Using the methods of relative development rate, Theil index and its decomposition, this paper describe the disparities between the three regions and the contribution rate to the whole disparity of innovation outputs in China measured by the number of patient applications throughout 31 provinces from 1997 to 2013 in China. The result suggests：① The disparity of relative development efficiency of innovation intensity among provinces remains big, and presents gradient distribution down from east to west. ② The disparities in the three regions has been growing from 1997 to 2013, does not exist spatial club convergence. The disparities between the three regions increases before 2007 and then decreases, resulting in the whole disparity of regional innovation has a inverted ＂U＂ type variation. ③ The contribution rate of three regions to the whole disparities has a continuous increasing trend during the study periods, while the contribution rate of the disparity among the three regions to the whole disparity has a continuous declining trend. Input of innovation resources, increasing returns and the regional innovation environment are the main factors affecting the regional innovation disparity.