区域碳补偿研究综述:机制、模式及政策建议

Overview of Regional Carbon Compensation: Mechanism,Pattern and Policy Suggestions

碳补偿是全球变化和低碳发展背景下产生的生态补偿研究的新领域。开展区域碳补偿机制与模式探析对于区域公平与可持续发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。通过对碳补偿的内涵和本质特征进行界定和辨析,从碳补偿主体和客体的识别、原则和标准的确定、方案的效益评价等方面分析了碳补偿的实施步骤。对政府碳补偿、个人碳补偿、土地利用碳补偿及区域横向碳补偿4种模式进行了总结,从差别化的区域考核机制、区域碳排放核算和企业碳盘查制度和标准、碳金融制度、碳补偿的试点示范等方面提出了实施碳补偿的政策建议,为气候变化背景下区域低碳发展、实施碳补偿、进行生态保护和建设提供实践和决策参考。

Carbon compensation is a new research field of ecological compensation under the background of global change and low-carbon development. Research on mechanism and patterns of regional carbon compensation has important theoretical and practical significance for regional equitable and sustainable development. The connotation and essential characteristics of carbon compensation was defined and discussed in this paper firstly. The implementation steps of carbon compensation were analyzed from the aspects of identifying the subject and object, confirming the principles and criteria and beneficial evaluation of carbon compensation. And the four patterns of governmental, individual, land use and regional horizontal carbon compensation were summarized. Finally, the policy implications of carbon compensation were put forward, which include： different regional appraisal mechanism, the system and criteria of regional carbon emission estimation and carbon counting of enterprises, carbon financial system and carbon compensation demonstration, etc. This paper will provide references for governmental policy-making on regional low-carbon development, implement of carbon compensation and ecological protection and construction.