试论政教视域下的《四库全书总目提要》小说观念

The Novel Concept of Si Ku Ti Yao from a Political and Cultural Perspective

《四库全书总目提要》子部小说家类将小说当作一种以政教作用为核心内涵的学术,所言"叙述杂事"、"记录异闻"、"缀辑琐语"及"寓劝戒"、"广见闻"、"资考证"等语,均围绕政教作用展开。《四库提要》以"正人心"、"厚风俗"等为具体指导重新挑选小说家类作品,以期给统治阶级提供对当时缙绅士子、市井愚民进行思想引导的典范作品。此举形成于乾隆朝为维护统治利益、钳制异端思想的语境中,是统治者试图通过政治权力的干预建立以政教为核心的文化机制与话语体系的重要一环。探讨《四库提要》小说观念应以历史的眼光去观察、历史的观念去理解、历史的方法去研究,"以古还古"。

Si Ku Ti Yao said that the novels were a kind of academic which were based on political and religious connotations.The words about the novel all around this,such as＂Xu Shu Za Shi＂,＂Ji Lu Yi Wen＂,＂Zhui Ji Suo Yu＂,＂Yu Quan Jie＂,＂Guang Jian Wen＂,＂Zi Kao Zheng＂,and so on.It was formed in the context of safeguarding the interests of the ruling in Qianlong dynasty.In other words,this was an important part of the culture and political system at that time.Examined the novel concept of Si Ku Ti Yao,we should pull it in the culture and political systems which it had been.