土地生态学发展历程及中国土地生态学发展建议

Development Experience of Land Ecology and Suggestions for Improvement of China's Land Ecology

研究目的:梳理总结国内外土地生态学发展历程。研究方法:历史分析法,对比分析法,文献总结法。研究结果:国际土地生态学发展可以分为三个阶段:一是19世纪后期的土地生态学的萌芽时期,二是从20世纪30年代到20世纪80年代以土地类型研究为标志的早期发展时期,三是20世纪七八十年代以来的以土地生态评价研究为标志的土地生态学近期发展。中国古代农业生产中蕴含着丰富的"土地生态"思想,中国现代土地生态学的早期研究集中在土地类型调查与制图方面,以后逐渐向土地生态评价方向发展。系统开始土地生态学研究是在20世纪80年代末至90年代中期,伴随着国际生态风险与生态安全评价、土地生态承载能力评价、生态系统服务评价等研究逐渐发展起来。研究结论:从国土资源管理的角度,提出推进中国土地生态学发展要树立土地"能力提升"和"功能发挥"的观点,发展土地生态评价技术方法体系,推进全国土地生态监测网络建设。

This paper summarizes the development of domestic and international land ecology. International land ecology development can be divided into three stages, the first is the embryonic period of land ecology in the late 19th century, and second, is the early development period of land ecology from the 1930s to the 1980s as a symbol of the land type study, the third is from the 1970s and 1980s, the recent development period of land ecology as a symbol of land ecological evaluation study. China＇s ancient agricultural production contains a wealth thinking of ＂land ecology＂. Early modern research of land ecology in China focused on the study of land types and land mapping, then gradually develop in the direction to the land ecological assessment. Systematic land ecological researches of China began in the late 1980s to the middle 1990s, focused on land ecological risk and ecological security evaluation, land ecological capacity evaluation, ecosystem services evaluation. From the perspective of the management of land and resources, in order to promote the development of China＇s land ecology, the land ＂capacity building＂ and ＂functioning＂ point of view needs to be developed, also we need to the develop technical methods system of land ecological evaluation and vigorously carry out scientific research field observation bases, build the national land ecological monitoring network.