发达国家用工荒问题启示——兼论一带一路中我国的用工政策

On Labor Shortage in Developed Countries

发达国家用工荒主要表现在技术工种和服务行业人才比较缺乏,蓝领技工收入报酬低、人口出生率低、技工培育成本高等是其中的重要原因,加大技术移民、重视员工的培养、促进技术革新和产业转型是发达国家应对用工荒的主要举措。一带一路对我国用工荒短期和长期将产生不同影响,我国应借鉴发达国家经验,从产业转型、职业教育和户籍改革等多角度采取措施,以期缓解用工荒。

The labor shortage of developed countries is mainly present in the lack of technical talents and services industry talents, low income of blue collar workers, low birth rate of population and high cost of technical training. Meanwhile, technological immigrant, staff training, technological innovation and the industrial transformation are the main measures for the developed countries to deal with the labor shortage. The Belt and Road initiative will bring different influences in terms of short and long run, and China should learn the experience of developed countries, and take measures based on the perspective of industrial transformation, vocational education and the reform of household registration system and so on in order to alleviate the domestic labor shortage.