中职教师实践性知识构成及生成策略的个案研究

A Case Study on the Composition and Generating Strategy of Teachers' Practical Knowledge in Secondary Vocational Schools

实践性知识是中职学校教师知识的重要组成部分,历时两个学期对天津Z中职学校的多位教师进行课堂观察和深度访谈表明,中职学校教师实践性知识主要体现在自我知识、策略知识、情境知识、专业技能知识及人际知识五个方面。在文献梳理和研究数据综合分析的基础上,提出了不同阶段中职教师实践性知识生成的具体策略:对于新手教师,主要通过师徒结对和社会技能培训生成实践性知识;对于成熟教师,主要通过教学竞赛和企业实践提升实践性知识;对于专家教师,通过行动研究和指导竞赛提升实践性知识。在教师专业发展的整个阶段,教学实践反思是中职教师实践性知识生成的关键变量。

Practical knowledge is an important part of the teachers’ knowledge in secondary vocational schools. Through classroom observation and interviews for two semesters in z vocational school, the data analysis shows that the practical knowledge of teachers in secondary vocational schools is mainly constituted by self-knowledge, strategic knowledge, situational knowledge, professional skills and interpersonal knowledge. This paper puts forward the concrete tactics of teachers’ practical knowledge generation for different stages of teacher professional development in secondary vocational schools. The novice teachers should obtain practical knowledge by Master-apprentice connection and social skills training. It is important for the mature teachers to gain practical knowledge by teaching competition and enterprise practice. The expert teacher could promote practical knowledge through action research and guiding students in the competition; meanwhile,it is very key for teacher in the secondary vocational school to generate practical knowledge by teaching reflection.