社会认知视阈下的无罪判决——基于贪污罪案件的实证分析

Judgment of Acquittal from the Perspective of Social Cognitive——Based on the empirical research of the cases of corruption

无罪判决是刑事诉讼的一种结果,是防止冤案形成的重要屏障。从社会认知的角度看,无罪判决包含控、辩、审三方对案件的认知。对25起贪污案无罪判决的实证分析发现,控方对案件性质和证明责任产生认知偏差从而导致控诉失败;被告人通常声称自己无罪;法官重视对判决理由的解说,较多地使用排除合理怀疑的思维模式,不同的司法理念会产生不同的判决结果。这些认知特点,对于我们在司法实践中采取正确的认知策略,避免认知偏差,提高控、辩、审的准确性有着重要的意义。

Judgment of acquittal is a result of criminal procedure, ajudgment of acquittal is important to prevent the false justice . From the perspective of social cognition, a judgment of acquittal including three cognitions which come from the prosecutor, the judge and the the defense lawyer. In this paper, the 25 corruption cases of acquittal based on the empirical analysis found that, the prosecutor faled because of the cognitive bias with character of case and the burden of proof , the defendants generally believe they are innocent and the judges value the reason explanation, beyond any reasonable doubt and Different judicial philosophy will produce different verdict. These cognitive features, for us to take the right cognitive strategy in the judicial practice, to avoid the deviation of cognition, and help to improve the accuracy of prosecution, defense and trial.