司法权力去行政化改革——基于H省某中院案件评查纠错与动态式主审法官负责制的调研

De-administration of Jurisdiction——Based on the research of mechanism of checking and correcting the mistakes of the judgments and dynamic presiding judge responsibility system in People's court of H Province

司法权和行政权这两种不同性质的权力体系共存于法院机构,并同时作用于法官,使法官在行使司法权力时无法严格地予以界分,造成司法权力的行政化。司法去行政化改革的实质在于真正地还司法权力给法官,使司法权力与行政权力各自按照自身逻辑运行,杜绝行政权力对司法权力的制度性或非制度性的干预。为此,H省某中院探索建立案件评查纠错机制和动态式主审法官负责制,为司法权力去行政化改革提供了可资参考的样本,总体上也反映了改革探索的努力方向。鉴于此,必须正视司法权力行政化的实践惯性和现实逻辑,从理论上缕清法院内部司法权力与行政权力的运行体系;立足于司法权力运行机制改革的终极目标和现实的司法环境,夯实司法去行政化改革的基础性工作,建立科学有效的监督机制,循序渐进、稳打稳扎地推进;优化法院内部司法管理,探索司法权力运行的专业化、职业化模式,通过制度化的司法管理和审判模式,确保司法权力放权给法官之后,不会出现权力滥用或放任自流的现象发生。

The power of the nature of the two different jurisdiction power and administrative power system coexist in court, and they applies to the judge at the same time, the judge cannot distinguish them strictly when exercising judicial power, it leads the administrativization of judicial power. The essence of de-administration reform of the judiciary is giving the judicial power to judge really, makes the judicial power and administrative power respectively in accordance with their own logic operation, put an end to administrative power institutional or institutional interventions on the judicial power. To this end, a intermediate people~ court of H province explores the mechanism of checking and Correcting the mistakes of the judgments and the dynamic presiding judge responsibility system, on the whole, it also reflects the reform exploration direction. In view of this, we must face up to the practice of the judicial power security administration of inertia and realistic logic, clarify the court within the operation of the judicial power and administrative power system theoretically, based on the ultimate goal of reform of the judicial power operation mechanism and realistic judicial environment, solidify the basic work for de-administration reform of the judiciary, establish scientific and effective supervision mechanism, advance reform step by step, slowly steady , optimize the court judicial management, explore the specialization, professionalization of judicial power operation mode, ensure that the judicial power to delegate to the judge, there will be no abuse or drift phenomenon occurred through the institutionalized management and trial mode.