小麦新品种周麦23号的遗传构成分析及其特异引物筛选

Genetic Analysis of New Wheat Variety Zhoumai 23 and Screening of Specific Primers

【目的】探讨亲本对黄淮麦区小麦新品种周麦23号的遗传贡献和周麦23号的遗传构成并筛选出其特异引物,用于检测周麦23号的品种真实性。【方法】利用覆盖小麦21条染色体的340个SSR标记对周麦23号及其亲本周麦13号、新麦9号进行简单重复序列(SSR)标记分析,解析亲本的遗传物质在周麦23号中传递频率和遗传贡献率。同时可以筛选到若干个周麦23号不同于任一亲本的引物,利用周麦23号的姊妹系、衍生品种对这些特异标记进行二次筛选,最终选择1-2个周麦23号的特异引物,并利用黄淮麦区的主推品种周麦22号、济麦22、矮抗58、郑麦366等14份材料对最终筛选的特异引物进行验证。【结果】双亲周麦13号和新麦9号对周麦23号的遗传贡献差异较大,周麦13号对周麦23号的遗传贡献率为63.04%,远高于新麦9号对周麦23号的遗传贡献率(36.96%)。双亲遗传物质在周麦23号的选育过程中发生了偏分离现象。在不同基因组和染色体水平上,亲本对周麦23号的遗传贡献率变化较大,母本周麦13号对周麦23号的遗传贡献率范围分别在23.1%(1B)—100%(4A、6A、3B、4B、6B、4D);父本新麦9号对周麦23号的遗传贡献率范围在0(4A、6A、3B、4B、6B、4D)—76.9%(1B)。从147个多态性标记中鉴定出周麦23号的7个特异位点,即Xwmc344、Xbarc84、Xwmc326、Xwmc468、Xwmc479、Xgwm428和Xcwm65。通过二次筛选得到1个周麦23号的特异引物Xcwm65,可用于鉴定周麦23号与黄淮麦区小麦品种的特异性,同时可以用于区分周麦23号的部分姊妹系(除A4、A5和A6以外)及其大部分衍生品种(除B7、B8和B12以外)。【结论】明确了2个亲本对周麦23号的遗传贡献率,掌握了周麦23号的遗传构成并绘制了基因型图,同时筛选出1个周麦23号的特异引物Xcwm65,可用于鉴定周麦23号的真实性。

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to understand the genetic contributions of two parents to wheat variety Zhoumai 23 and the genetic composition of Zhoumai 23 in the Huang-Huai region, and the specific primers screened for the detection of the varietal authenticity of Zhoumai 23.【Method】 A total of 340 SSR markers covering 21 wheat chromosomes were used in a simple sequence repeat（SSR） markers analysis. Parsed the transfer frequency and genetic contribution rate of parental genetic material to Zhoumai 23. This also could be screened for several primers of Zhoumai 23 different from either parent, further screening of these specific markers using sister lines, derived varieties of Zhoumai 23. Finally, with the selected 1-2 specific primers of Zhoumai 23, and confirmed final screening of specific primers using Zhoumai 22, Jimai 22, Aikang 58, Zhengmai 366, a total of 14 materials of the main push varieties in the Huanghuai wheat region.【Result】 The results indicated that there were large differences in the genetic contribution from double parents to Zhoumai 23, the rate of the genetic contribution from Zhoumai 13 was 63.04%, much higher than that（36.96%） from Xinmai 9. Partial segregation occurred during the breeding of the parent material in the Zhoumai 23. The genetic contribution rate changes greatly in the different genomes and the chromosome level. The genetic contribution range from Zhoumai 13 to Zhoumai 23 was 23.1%（1B）-100%（4A, 6A, 3B, 4B, 6B, 4D） and from Xinmai 9 to Zhoumai 23 was 0（4A, 6A, 3B, 4B, 6B, 4D）-76.9%（1B）. The study identified seven specific sites in Zhoumai 23 from 147 polymorphic markers, named Xwmc344, Xbarc84, Xwmc326, Xwmc468, Xwmc479, Xgwm428 and Xcwm65. One specific primer, Xcwm65, can be used to differentiate Zhoumai 23 from the main varieties in Huang-Huai wheat region. Sublines A3, A4, A5 and derived varieties B7, B8, B12, and B15 of Zhoumai 23 were still difficult to distinguish. Therefore, it is needed to identify the different molecular markers to distinguish between Zhoumai 23 sister lines and its derivatives. 【Conclusion】 The study revealed a genetic contribution from the parents to Zhoumai 23, master of Zhoumai 23 genetic composition and the mapping of the gene map, and found a specific primer for the identified authenticity of Zhoumai 23.