“术”与“道”:金代儒学接受的变容——以孔庙的修建为主线

"Kingcraft" and "the business way" :The change of Confucian culture in Jin Dynasty——Confucius temples as the main line

金代的"儒学"受容,是一个极为复杂的过程。太祖、太宗时期尚处保留本族文化的发展层次,地方孔庙在战火中复兴,统治者对儒学的态度转向认同和倾慕。熙宗、海陵时期步入改革本族旧俗,创立新俗的发展层次。统治者修建各地孔庙,完善"庙学合一"建置,但女真旧俗在金朝国家建设中仍占据举足轻重的地位,海陵强制推行中原帝制文化的努力必然失败,金朝寻求并建立以儒家文化为中心的"治国之道"陷入困境。世宗、章宗继续深化金朝文化,孔庙广建于州县地方,世宗恢复女真旧俗的举措反而加速了金朝儒化的进程。章宗在国家建设中全面引入儒家文化,儒学由"治国之术"转变为"安邦之道"。

The acceptance of Confucianism in Jin Dynasty was extremely complex.In the period of Emperor TaiZu and TaiZong,Jin Dynasty still kept Jurchen culture,and local Confucius temples were revived and during in the war.Rulers＇ attitudes toward Confucianism changed into identity and admiration.In the period of XiZong、HaiLing,Jin Dynasty reformed its old customs and built new ones.The rulers built Confucian temple and perfected the system of ＂Temple School＂.But Jurchen old customs still occupied an important position and played a decisive role in national construction,so HaiLing definitely failed to pursue Confucian culture by force.Jin Dynasty got trapped in when seeking and establishing Confucian-culture-centered ＂Statecraft＂.In the period of ShiZong and ZhangZong,Jin Dynasty continued to deepen Jurchen culture and had built Confucius temples all around of county area.The recovery of Jurchen customs by ShiZong accelerated the process of the Confucianism.In the period of ZhangZong,Confucian culture changed from a kind of ＂Kingcraft＂ into ＂ The Business Way＂.