戴震对程朱理学“道的理化”之驳斥

On Dai zhen Refute the Phenomenon that “Tao' Changed into ‘li'” in Neo-Confucianism

先秦汉唐以"道"为中心的哲学,在宋明时代被转换为以"理"为中心的哲学,这就是"道的理化"现象。"道的理化"倾向在社会生活中造成了许多极为消极的后果。戴震对于宋儒这种将"道"抽象化、形而上学化,视"理"为天地万物存在之最终根据的思想倾向予以批驳。在戴震看来,"理"或"天理"生发于人伦日用之中,有"道"方有"理",即有情、有欲、有事、有物方才有理。

Before Tang Dynasty, ＂Tao＂ is the center of Chinese philosophy, but in Song and Ming Dynasty, it is ＂li＂. The trend that ＂Tao＇ changed into ＇li＇＂ caused many negative consequence in social lives. Dai Zhen conducted a comprehensive and systematic theoretical liquidation for the trend of Cheng brothers and Zhu Xi who take ＂Tao＂ abstract and metaphysics. In his view, ＂I3＂ which outside in concrete thing and override in the whole concrete things is not existence. ＂Li＂ is the ＂code of conduct＂ and ＂moral stan- dards＂ of human being which established in the people＇s realistic life and specific relationships. ＂Li＂ represent human relations and daily expenses. The error of Neo-Confucianism is, treat ＂Li＂ as ＂one thing＂. Dai Zhen distinguished this kind of relation strictly, mastered mutually the God＇s way and humalities, set up an integrated manifestation of God＇s will outlook of materialism and set up metaphysics basis for the spread up of his morals philosophy.