黄土高原近60年生态治理分析及未来发展建议

Analysis of ecosystem management of the Loess Plateau during the past 60 years and suggestions for the future development

黄土高原作为黄河中游独特的地理单元，维系黄河的健康运行和中华文明的传承。本文简要介绍了黄土高原的地理背景及水土流失问题，总结分析了近60年生态治理的历史，对未来发展提出了建议。根据主要治理措施的差异，黄土高原近60年生态治理历史可划分为5个阶段，即1950-1960s中期、1960s中期-1970s末期、1970s末期-1990s末期、2000-2010年、2010年至今。这5个不同时段，淤地坝、梯田等工程治理和植树造林、植被自然修复等生物治理交替出现，并逐步走向工程治理和生物治理全面结合的发展阶段。我们认为，在未来很长一段时间，退耕还林还草政策不能变；科学开展淤地坝建设和治沟造地工程，加快治理黄土高原水土污染，提高人民生活质量。

The Loess plateau is a unique geographical unit located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which sustain the health of the Yellow River and inherit the ancient civilization of China. The paper briefly introduced the background of the Loess Plateau and its soil erosion problems. Moreover, we synthesized the history of ecosystem management of the Loess Plateau during the past 60 years and put forward suggestions for the future development. According to the difference of primary ecological measures, the history of ecosystem management of the Loess Plateau had been divided into five stages. Stage Ⅰ is the period of 1950 to the middle of 1960s, stage Ⅱ is the period of middle of 1960s to the end of 1970s, stage Ⅲ is the period of end of 1970s to the end of 1990s, stage Ⅳ is the period of 2000-- 2010 and stage Ⅴ is the period of 2010 until now. We suggest that the Grain for Green Program can not be replaced in the future. Moreover, check dam project and filling gully project should be scientifically implemented, and soil-water pollution should be controlled as soon as possible. All these work would be really elevate the quality of people life on the Loess Plateau.