青毛豆采摘机脱荚装置设计参数的试验研究

An experimental research on the design parameters of pods-off device in green soybean picking machine

[目的]为提高青毛豆采摘机的脱荚作业性能,确定脱荚装置的设计参数,设计并搭建一种脱荚试验装置。[方法]以‘萧农秋艳’为试验材料,围绕提高脱荚的摘净率、降低破损率的目标,首先基于螺旋式脱荚装置,分别对脱荚辊转速和行走速度进行单因素试验。接着在单因素试验的基础上,对脱荚辊转速和行走速度进行正交试验。然后分别对脱荚辊间距、脱荚辊与地面角度进行单因素试验,确定最佳的脱荚间距和荚辊角度。最后更换橡胶杆式脱荚辊重复上述试验,对比同等条件下螺旋式和橡胶杆式两种辊型的作业效果。[结果]得出最佳的速度组合为脱荚辊转速660 r·min-1、行走速度0.5 m·s-1,最佳的脱荚间距为15 mm,荚辊角度为30°,最佳辊型为螺旋式。此时摘净率大于等于97%,破碎率小于等于5%。[结论]该研究成果对进一步改进、优化青毛豆采摘机具有重要意义。

[Objectives]In order to get higher performance of soybean picking machine＇s taking off pods,and contribute to determine design parameters of pods-off device,a new kind of test-bench is built up. [Methods]‘Xiaonongqiuyan＇which is a brand soybean seed was taken as an experimental material,and its target was to improve the cleanness rate and decrease the damage rate. Firstly,the single factor experiments based on spiral pods-off equipment were conducted on pod rollers＇ revolving and machine walking speed respectively. Then an orthogonal experiment was carried out on pod rollers＇ revolving speed and machine walking speed based on the single factor experiments. After that,another two factors,which were distance between two rollers and angle between the rollers and horizontal ground,were carried out to determine the best distance and angle by single factor experiment. Finally,the rubber rollers were chosen to replace the spiral rollers and the same test was done again. This was to compare the working performance between spiral rollers and rubber rollers. [Results]The result showed that the best speed couples are 660 r·min^-1of pod rollers and 0.5 m·s^-1of walking speed. Distance between rollers was 15 millimeters,optimum angle was 30 degrees and the spiral rollers were better.It showed the cleanness rate was more than 97% and damage rate was less than 5% right now. [Conclusions]The research result had great importance to get further improvement and optimize the green soybean picking machine.