生物质焦油催化裂解过程中二次焦油成分

Secondary tar components in the catalytic cracking process of biomass tar

以秸秆热解产生的焦油为原料,在固定床反应器实验台上进行了催化裂解实验,研究了反应温度和催化剂种类对生物质焦油的裂解反应产物——二次焦油成分的影响规律.在高铝砖作为催化剂作用下,随着温度的升高,二次焦油构成有芳香化的趋势,多环芳烃的种类和含量都在增加.反应温度的提高有利于焦油的深度转化,二次焦油产率降低;但是高温下生成的二次焦油芳化程度更高,更容易引起催化剂积炭失活.当反应温度为900℃时,碱性催化剂白云石和石灰岩作用下二次焦油成分相似,以复杂的大分子环烃为主,而且焦油成分种类减少到10种左右;酸性催化剂高铝砖作用下焦油成分仍然很复杂,有将近30种,除了含有大分子环烃外,还含有部分石蜡烃,芳香族种类很多,多以双环、三环以及四环的形式存在.

Catalytic cracking experiments were carried out on biomass tar in a fixed-bed reactor to study the influence of reaction temperature and catalyst type on the cracking reaction product, secondary tar. The experimental results show that there is an aromatic trend in the secondary tar components, and the types and content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （ PAHs） both increase with the increase of reaction temperature when using the high-alumina brick as an acid catalyst. The rise of reaction temperature can not only improve the deep conversion of biomass tar and reduce the production rate of secondary tar, but also increase the aromatization degree of secondary tar, which is more likely to cause the catalyst deactivation with carbon deposition. When the reaction temperature is 900℃, the secondary tar components are similar with alkaline catalysts （dolomite or limestone）, and their types reduce to about 10, which mainly include complex macromolecular hydrocarbon. However, the secondary tar components are still very complex with the high-alumina brick as an acid catalyst, and their types are nearly 30, including not only macromolecular hydrocarbon but also paraffin hydrocarbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in 2-ring, 3-ring and 4-ring.