诸教判分与公教创立——谈康有为的孔教观

The Differentiating of Religions and the Founding of a Public Religion:On Kang Youwei's View of Confucianism

论及康有为的孔教,很多人会毫不犹豫地认为南海所积极建立的孔教即儒教是一种宗教。其实,儒教之所以为"教"的背后有着极为复杂的社会原因。关于康氏建设的儒教究竟是不是宗教,除了从历史、社会等外在因素去考查外,更要回到康有为的著作尤其是《大同书》中去探讨。最终,我们会发现,康有为建立儒教的终极目的不是妄想使自己成为一个"大主教",而是希望能够尽早地为变法提供一个良好的社会基础,而这一基础恰好又是以旨在提升国民道德水平、增强民族凝聚力为根柢的。

In consideration of Kang Youwei＇s view of Confucianism,many people hold the opinion unhesitatingly that the Confucianism which he was so aetive to found is actually a religion.In fact,lying behind the referring to Confucianism as ＇religion＇ there are far more complex social reasons.Regarding the question whether Kang Youwei＇ s Confucianism is religion,we should investigate it from the point of view of his own works,especially Book of Great Harmony,other than the historical,social and other external factors.in the end,we will find that the ultimate purpose for him to found Confucianism is not an ambition of becoming an＇archbishop ＇,but a intention of providing the political reform a favorable social foundation as soon as possible,which is based on the aim of improving national mora/standards and enhancing national coherence.