从工具的磨损看麻山苗族对文化所属环境的适应——兼论当代民族博物馆文物征集与展示的实察及改进意见

From Tool Wear to See Mashan Hmong's Acculturation in their Living Environment: Concurrently Comment the Reality and Improvement of Contemporary Ethnic Heritage Museum's Collection and Exhibition

文化是人类赖以生存的工具,而生产生活工具是文化在人与自然的互动运行中最为直观的中介实体,从工具的磨损情况,可以直观地看出文化对所属环境适应的结果。博物馆对于文物的征集应充分考虑到文物的文化背景。文物不是孤本,单体的物件与周围的环境存在着千丝万缕的联系。在漫长的历史进程中,文化将人类生活对生态适应的信息刻入了工具的磨损中,如何将文物所货载的文化做动态的还原,理应是民族博物馆在进行文物征集与展示工作中的重要职责之一,但眼前不少博物馆的相关工作,显得不尽如人意。立足于生态民族学的文化对所属环境的适应观,改进文物征集和解说工作就显得刻不容缓了。

Culture is a tool for human survive. The tool of production and living is an obvious intermediary entity in the interaction of human and nature. So from tool wear we can human＇ s cultural adaption in their living environment. Museum＇ s cultural relics collection should be fully taken into account cultural relics＂ background. Cultural relic is not the only existing copy. Each cultural relic is linked to surrounding environment. In the long process of human history, the wear of the tool is carved by the information of the ecological and cultural adaptation of human life. Achieving the dynamic reduction for the cultural heritage＇ s cultural information, is one of the important responsibilities in the ethnic heritage museum＇ s collection and exhibition. Based on the view of ecological ethnology regarding the ecological and cultural adaptation of human activities, this paper notes it is a pressing task to improve Museum＇s collection and exhibition.