2种不同品系中华鳖的营养成分分析与比较

Comparison and Quality Evaluation of Nutritional Components of Two Different Strains of Trionyx sinensis

以清溪花鳖和中华鳖日本品系为研究对象,对鳖雌雄肌肉和裙边水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、矿物质元素含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明:1)清溪花鳖和中华鳖日本品系雌雄肌肉的粗蛋白含量分别为18.46%、17.25%、19.17%、18.83%,裙边为21.00%、22.31%、24.89%、20.07%,2种鳖雌雄肌肉的粗脂肪含量分别为1.07%、0.96%、1.17%、1.05%,裙边为0.23%、0.32%、0.30%、0.27%;2)清溪花鳖和中华鳖日本品系雌雄肌肉的必需氨基酸指数分别为93.92、92.52、91.89、93.12,说明2种中华鳖的肌肉营养丰富,均为良好蛋白源,肌肉中必需氨基酸/氨基酸总量分别为37.10%、36.67%、36.48%、36.76%,裙边中必需氨基酸/氨基酸总量分别为17.74%、19.73%、17.80%、17.81%;3)清溪花鳖和中华鳖日本品系雌雄肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸的含量分别为14.98%、13.97%、16.20%、19.22%,中华鳖日本品系雌雄肌肉中二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸的含量要高出清溪花鳖约3%。

In this paper, the nutritional qualities of muscle and calipash from two different strains of Trionyx sinensis were analyzed by measuring moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, minerals, amino acid composition and fatty acid composition. The results showed that the crude protein contents of the muscles of female and male turtles from the Qingxi Flower and Japanese strains were 18.46%, 17.25%, 19.17% and 18.83%, respectively, whereas those of calipash were 21.00%, 22.31%, 24.89% and 20.07%, respectively. The crude fat contents of the muscles of male and female turtles from both strains were 1.07%, 0.96%, 1.17% and 1.05%, compared to 0.23%, 0.32%, 0.30% and 0.27% for the four calipash samples, respectively. The essential amino acids index（EAAI） of the muscles of female and male turtles from the Qingxi Flower and Japanese strains are 93.92, 92.52, 91.89, and 93.12, respectively. These results indicate that the nutritional value of amino acids for these two strains of turtle was very high suggesting that they are good sources of high-quality protein. The essential amino acid/total amino acid ratios（EAA/TAA） of muscle were 37.10%, 36.67%, 36.48% and 36.76% for female and male turtles from the Qingxi Flower and Japanese strains, whereas those of calipash were 17.74%, 19.73%, 17.80% and 17.81%, respectively. The muscles of female and male turtles from the two strains were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The contents of eicosapentaenoic acid（EPA） ＋ docosahexenoic acid（DHA） of the four muscle samples were 14.98%, 13.97%, 16.20% and 19.22%, respectively, implying an approximate 3% increase for the Japanese strain over Qingxi Flower.