顶空-气相色谱-质谱法分析牡丹鲜花精油中的挥发性成分

Analysis of Volatile Components in Peony Essence Oil by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

选用TG-5MS毛细管柱作为色谱分离柱,并采用顶空-气相色谱-质谱法分析由超临界CO2流体萃取、亚临界流体萃取、水蒸气蒸馏、有机溶剂萃取4种方法制得的6种凤丹牡丹精油中的挥发性成分,共鉴定出32种挥发物,包括芳香烃类、醇类、酯类、烷烃类、醚类、酮类、醛类7类物质,不同精油挥发物组成及相对含量均有明显差异,共有成分为1,3,5-三甲氧基苯、γ-壬内酯和十六烷,且1,3,5-三甲氧基苯在6种牡丹精油中的相对含量均最高。超临界CO2流体萃取的牡丹精油花香浓郁,得率最高,适宜制备牡丹精油;水蒸气蒸馏提取的牡丹精油得率最低,但其天然香味物质最丰富,适宜制备牡丹花水。

The volatile components of 6 essetial oils from peony flowers extracted by 4 different methods, namely supercritical CO2 extraction, subcritical fluid extraction, steam distillation extraction and organic solvent extraction（with three different solvents, respectively）, were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GCMS） with a TG-5MS capillary column. A total of 32 volatile components were detected, including arenes, aleohols, esters, alkanes, ethers, ketones and aldehydes. The composition and relative contents of volatile components were significantly different among six peony essential oils. 1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene, γ-nonanolactone and cetane were common to these 6 samples. 1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene was the most abundant volatile component for all these oils. The peony essential oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction emitted a heavy flowery scent and showed the highest yield among the four extraction methods suggesting supercritical CO2 extraction is suitable for industrial production of peony essential oil. Although steam distillation extraction provided the lowest yield of peony essential oil, the oil extracted by this method contained the most abundant natural flavor components and thus it is suitable for the production of peony flower water.